Essay on Colonial Latin American History part 2Essay Writing Service

Article on Colonial Latin American History part 2Essay Writing Service Article on Colonial Latin American History section 2 Article on Colonial Latin American History part 2Essay on Colonial Latin American History part 1Spain’s strategies for conquestIn request to construct another American Empire, the Spanish utilized various techniques and procedures during the reconquista of Spain. The significant point of the Spanish Empire was to draw away the Muslims from the regions of the New World and build up the standard of Christianity. During the success of the Muslims, the Spanish conquistadors lived among them and attempted to force their own way of life upon the indigenous individuals. The pioneers of Spain that got known as peninsulares were generally included men. Thus, marriage between the Spanish pilgrims and indigenous ladies of the land was a serious basic wonder. Such relationships subsequently shaped a blended Native American and Spanish populace. Today, their relatives generally live in present Mexico just as other Latin American nations and a few pieces of the USA.Despite the way that th e Spanish champions used to live among the local individuals and intermarried with them, they likewise significantly mistreated them. Abuse of the indigenous individuals was furious and savage. With an end goal to misuse the locale for its adequate and valuable common assets, the Spanish conquistadors constrained the Native American individuals to work inside a unique framework that got known as encomienda[1]. As indicated by this framework, local individuals needed to cultivate, dig and farm for the Spanish proprietors, whom the Spanish specialists gave all rights to the work of locals. In spite of the fact that the individuals who got such rights guaranteed the Spanish governors that they would approach their laborers with deference and act decently, they neglected to stay faithful to their obligation. Thus, a considerable lot of the locals were manhandled and an incredible number of workers passed on, particularly those working inside the risky mines. The Spanish conquistadors, i n any case, utilized a similar fierce framework in the Caribbean district as well.Opposition of Latin Americans to Spanish RuleIt is realized that Spanish clerics endeavored to spread Christian religion in America. They additionally upheld for better treatment of the local populace of Latin America. It is clear that Spanish clerics remained against the brutal and vicious treatment of Native Americans and their mistreatment by Spanish conquistadors. They particularly reprimanded the furious and unforgiving work conditions that occurred under the encomienda administering framework. The Spanish ministers thought about that there was nothing increasingly pitiless, rough and really contemptible, than the cruel oppression of the Spaniards towards the indigenous populace of Latin America[2]. And this was for seeking after gold and silver and getting rich. Subsequently, the Spanish government chose to abrogate the current work framework, which was cultivated in 1542. Rather, to meet the urg ent need of the Spanish settlements for work, it was recommended to utilize Africans. The Spanish that colonized the Americas before long started utilizing Africans as their captives to meet the regularly expanding work needs, in spite of the fact that the ministers to a great extent objected to such techniques either.However, the restriction to the strategy for colonization utilized by the Spanish came from the clerics, however from the local populace too. Unforgiving obstruction towards the Spain’s endeavor to overwhelm the terrains of Latin America began not long after the Spaniards landed shorewards the Caribbean district. Therefore, the endeavors of Columbus to vanquish today’s island of St. Croix brought about incredible restriction from the side of the natives[3]. The occupants of the island shielded their property and themselves by terminating harmful bolts at the intruders, who subsequently needed to give up. The endeavors of the Spaniards to oversee different locales of Latin America met with considerably harsher opposition. A portion of the vanquished lands made endeavors to revolt during the later long periods of colonization.It should be referenced that the disposition of Spaniards towards the locals of Latin America was communicated not just in their abuse and cruel working conditions, yet in addition in the techniques utilized by the Spanish to change over the local populace to Christianity. In this manner, Spanish clerics and conquistadors frequently consumed different hallowed items that the locals had and even restricted the customs that the indigenous individuals were familiar with. The Spanish fighters likewise mishandled the locals truly. Along these lines, the individuals of America that rehearsed their own religion were seriously beaten. This brought about an incredible number of uprisings from the side of Latin American local population.ConclusionTo finish up, it should be said that the revelation of the new land and furth er investigation of the district prompted various progressive results and most likely changed the entire history of America. The impact of the Spanish colonization of Latin America is massive and genuinely unfathomable. It ought to be conceded that because of the brutal conditions, wherein the locals of Latin America have been kept by Spanish Empire, the indigenous populace of the district developed to detest and fear the Spanish conquistadors, which brought about various rebellions from the side of the locals. The word â€Å"conquistador† that implies â€Å"conqueror† has gained a dependable shame that keeps on introducing days.Nobody recognizes what might have occurred, if Christopher Columbus didn't find the New World. It very well may be immovably expressed that the history would be unique. In any case, everything is consistently generally advantageous. The results of the colonization of Latin America are various. In this manner, it ought to be said that the coloni zation had an extraordinary social effect on the locals of Latin America. The populaces and societies of the indigenous people groups of America encountered an incredible number of changes in light of the Spanish colonization of their territories. The intermarriages, work conditions and the conditions of the attack itself enormously affected the quantity of Latin American populace, their way of life, strict convictions and inalienable qualities that the locals had before.The above examination has investigated various parts of the Spanish colonization of Latin America. It investigated such viewpoints as the reasons, conditions, techniques and results of the colonization of the New World by the Spaniards. At last, it should be conceded that the Spanish colonization of the Latin American terrains realized an extraordinary number of changes to the whole history of America. Also, these progressions are obvious even in the current day Latin America that has picked up its autonomy quite a while in the past and the hours of colonization are presently basically a piece of the history.

Environmental Issus With Highway Expansion Essays - Lane

Ecological Issus With Highway Expansion Gloria Stovall November 13, 2000 Organization: John Gulick Development of Highway 101 Since Highway 101 was finished in the mid 1960s, no upgrades or changes have been made and the parkway has not been contacted. As of late California transportation organizers gave the last endorsement to the principal extension of Highway 101 in Santa Rosa. This raises some major issues inside the network. Despite the fact that the organizers have consented to this change, individuals in the network have differences. The progressions proposed comprise of including a carpool path in the two headings between Santa Rosa and Rohnert Park. There are issues raised with this proposition. Adding paths to the two sides of the parkway will enlarge it, taking out trees and environments of the region. In the event that these trees are evacuated, homes of creatures, for example, squirrels, feathered creatures and creepy crawlies will be demolished. As the path augments, this takes into consideration more vehicles to go through. Vehicles are to some degree unfavorable to the earth. They cause contamination in the public arena that is ever developing. All the effects of the path development lead to another. Gloria Stovall November 13, 2000 Group: John Gulick At the point when the paths are included, more vehicles go through the region, as was at that point said. With the expansion in vehicles, it will without a doubt lead to an expansion in populace. More individuals will go through Rohnert Park and Santa Rosa and see what decent neighborhoods are there. Be that as it may, these zones have relatively little space for extension. The urban areas themselves are very full and would not have the option to help a rapidly developing populace. In 1990, the number of inhabitants in Santa Rosa was at 158,352. From that point forward the populace has significantly increased. With such huge development, the territory has gotten progressively clogged and accordingly so has the roadway traffic. Despite the fact that the populace in the region has grown an extensive sum over the most recent ten years, there is anything but a lot of space for additional later on. It has taken almost ten years for CalTrans to get to this point and it is still in progress of attempting prevail in the development. Gloria Stovall November 13, 2000 Order: John Gulick Over the previous decade, there have been various endeavors to extend this territory of the thruway. Truth be told, CalTrans is still during the time spent acquiring grants from the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board that are required before it can continue. Development has been deferred ordinarily all the while. Development was initially set to start October first of this current year yet has been pushed back to January first of 2001. Wright, an individual from the Sonoma County Transportation Authority says, It's not a serious deal. It's simply an issue of experiencing the legislative procedure when gotten some information about the deferral. Notwithstanding the ecological issues with the development, there are different reasons why residents in the zone don't need this to occur. One explanation is the ascent in deals charges for transportation. A factor that numerous suburbanites won't be content with is the way that it is relied upon to take year and a half to finish the 4.8 miles of carpool paths, sound dividers, traffic metering lights and Gloria Stovall November 13, 2000 Faction: John Gulick enhancements for a few on-ramps. It will be to some degree a burden. It will undoubtedly hinder traffic for the year and a half during the development and cause numerous troubled workers. In spite of the fact that there will be a postponement with the start of the development, Wright said that CalTrans authorities hope to have the undertaking finished by its unique deadline of February of 2002. During the eighteen months of development there will more than likely be a major burden for the individuals who travel Highway 101 all the time. Workers should manage moderate traffic through the territory. Another point that individuals of the network aren't anticipating is the cost of the task. The whole thing will cost $23 million and won't be something that many need to pay for. Before, arrangements were tried to bring down the limit for raising deals charges for transportation however this fizzled. In spite of the Gloria Stovall November 13, 2000 Faction: John Gulick actuality that four nearby assessment measures to broaden Highway 101 bombed during the 1990s, the cash has been reserved

The Cold Equations, Eureka. Reflection Journal from Stories Essay

The Cold Equations, Eureka. Reflection Journal from Stories - Essay Example In the event that she could learn enough rapidly to land the boat and he went out the isolated space it would not be authentic and rather idiotically sentimental. I think the story just works, since it has no arrangement. So as to change the closure of this story you need to change the whole story. Perhaps you could include the guardians suing the organization and the court procedures against the pilot and the organization, particularly for the opened entryway. And, after its all said and done it would be extremely troublesome, in light of the fact that the story is extremely over when Marilyn goes out the airtight chamber. Regardless of whether we start with the claim and glimmer back it just would not be a decent story. Notwithstanding, following quite a while of thought I concluded that study of things to come to the story may have the option to accomplish something. Along these lines, I have attempted a changed consummation. I despite everything think the principal finishing is far predominant and I could never distribute a story with this completion, yet I attempted. Marylyn Said, â€Å"I’m ready,† yet before Barton could press the catch to open the airtight chamber the radio popped to life. â€Å"EDS, pressing, make not move. There is a solution.† Barton bounced to the comfort. â€Å"This is Barton, state again.† â€Å"This is Group One. We just got a message from Earth. There is an answer incorporated with each ed. It is awfully costly, so it has never been uncovered or utilized that we know. I mean no one

What is the Meaning of Hate Crimes - Free Essay Example

What causes the increase in hate crimes? Hate crimes are one that targets an individual, group, organization toward which the perpetrator feels prejudice on the basis of a real or perceived difference in race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, or national origin. Hate groups still exist from the oldest and most well-known the Ku Klux Klan, to the newest hate group organization the New Black Panther. The government and its citizens promote tolerance through public education and legislation. Hate crimes have become one of the main leading issues in the U.S. and need to be one of the governments top priorities. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), examines the influence of the victims race in reporting hate crimes to the police. The NCVS can analyze how the victims race influences the likelihood of reporting, the survey can explore the differences between reporting racial and non-racial hate crimes. According to the survey, the results indicate that minority victimizations are less likely to be reported for both racial and non-racial hate crimes and failure to report tot he police has serious consequences for the victim and the criminal justice system. In 2006, 8,000 hate crime incidents were reported. The Bureau of Justice Statistics report found that over 200,000 individuals are victims of hate crimes each year and out of the other reported crimes, hate crimes were reported to be the least likely to not be reported by hate crime victims. Hate crimes also share characteristics that distinguish them from parallel offenses, or unbiased violent crime. Hate crimes against homosexuals. Hate crimes consist of assaults, sexual assaults, sexual harassments, and stalking were predictive of sexual orientation hate crimes. Hate crimes are an important social problem in contemporary U.S. society because it has been argued that hate crimes substantially impact the lives of the individual victims and the larger social context in which they occur and are bias-motivated aggressiveness constitutes a public health risk. The inclusion of sexual orientation in the federal hate crime law was rejected by the U.S. Senate in the late 1990s even while hat e crimes targeting gays and lesbians increased during this same period. There is also very little information about known risk factors for hate-motivated crimes even in the case of race, where skin color and other physical features are relevant, no quantitative estimate exist that separate the impact of a race from other related risk factors.Is there a need for hate crime legislation? Tougher hate crime laws are necessary to discourage racism and prejudice, yet opponents believe that tougher laws against hate crimes would infringe on free speech rights. There are many pros and cons when it comes to hate crime law arguments and concerns about these laws. For those who are against the idea of hate crime laws, they believe that the legislation is not needed because every crime the authorities cover is already illegal under existing state and local laws. They believe that the law is unfair because American justice is based on the principle that everyone is treated identically yet if hate crime laws are passed, perpetrators of two identical crimes would receive different sentences (depending on the characteristic of the victim. The opposers think that there is a political vehicle for the homosexual activist. If hate-motivated crimes against gays and lesbians are recognized in the law, then homosexuals would have a stronger moral claim to equal treatment in society and it will advance their claim that homosexual behavior is normal and natural. Last but not least, federal hate crime legislation would increase federal government participation in law enforcement.Those who are for hate crime laws, they believe that legislation is needed to protect group under the law that will make the public aware that the group is vulnerable, extensively victimized in past and needs protection. They also believe that the law is fair because hate crimes have become more serious than any conventional crime because it abuses more than the immediate victim and is also a characteristic of a terrorist attack. Everyone needs protection from hate crimes and those who are for hate crime laws concluded that the law would not limit freedom of speech.Do we believe in free speech or not? Currently, the government is trying to combat what it sees as rising anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism means hostility to or prejudice against Jews. A country that ends up shutting down free speech often starts with the best of intentions. One mans hate crime is another mans conscientious expression of dissent, which lets a government that has already chosen sides to sort out which is which is a dangerous idea. Hate crimes that entail violence, threats of violence, or the destruction of property are acts that would be criminal even absent any motivation based on a bias against a protected group. Hate crime law results in few convictions and lots of disappointment. In Texas, the tiny number of successful prosecutions leave both victims and lawmakers questioning states commitment to punishing hate. For example, Lance Reyna was assaulted in a school bather in 2010. Reyna, who is transgender and gay, was a student at Houston Community College when an attacker held a knife to his throat, called him a queer in a falsetto voice, then kicked and beat him and left him on the bathroom floor. A more recent incident, John Gaspari was walking home from a bar in Houston at around 3 a.m. on Valentines Day 2015. He was three blocks from home when a car suddenly swerved onto the sidewalk, trying to run him over. Three men jumped out of the car and shouted, Get the fag! They tackled, punched, and kicked Gaspar. Then one of them pumped two bullets into him and left him unconscious on the side of the road.Prejudice people believe that hateful speeches are not the same as violence, because of this they can use freedom of speech to their advantage and can create an xiety about terrorism and national security. Hateful speeches can encourage a full-on massacre and can abuse others mentally and physically to others who are affected by it. Hate crime laws are necessary to discourage racism and prejudice because people who are part of a hate crime believes that they are above the law and cannot be stopped. Hate crime is any crime committed which is motivated by bias or based on the victims perceived membership in a specific group, such as race, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, or religious beliefs and is intended to induce fear and cause psychological and/or physical harm (sometimes because of hate speech, yet hate speeches are not considered a hate crime).

The Comparison of a Woman to a Flower - 1409 Words

The essence of one flower’s beauty is enough to take one’s breath away. Many can bring about a feeling of exhilaration and awe. Henry Beecher once stated that, â€Å"flowers are the sweetest things God ever made and forgot to put a soul into.† Many humans thrive on the very existence of a flower without any awareness as to whether or not it has humanlike characteristics or traits. The symbolic view of flowers is displayed in an obvious manner in many of William Carlos Williams’ poems. His works were open to many avenues and seemed to be limited to none. Williams emphasized that a poem must have its own idiom in dealing with â€Å"those things that lie under the scrutiny of the senses, close to the nose† (285). Williams’ poems portray†¦show more content†¦Sometimes after a great storm has passed there is still a tiny flower that somehow manages to weather the storm. It seems as if some miraculous power has kept this flower re maining in existence. However, the widow represents a flower that has waited out the storm. Ironically, what does not kill you only makes you stronger. The flourishing of a flower inside and out only compares to the renewing of this widow’s being. With time, she will live again. Finally, â€Å"Queen-Anne’s Lace,† truly shows the correspondence between a flower and a woman’s body. In fact, Queen-Anne’s lace is a type of wide, white flower containing scores of tiny blossoms and in the center lays a dark spot. This poem is about a woman and a man engaging in sexual intercourse. It seems to be told from the man’s point of view as he explores her body. As he touches her the body becomes marked with his presence. In actuality, it is like taking a virgin who is whole and reducing or dismantling her by performing sexual acts. The poem begins by stating that, â€Å"Her body is not white/as anemone petals nor so smooth . . .† (1-2). This lady is not perfect because the notion as to whether or not she has given herself to another man is in question. She begins to open her heart to this man. She becomes wild and erotic during the escapade of their activity. He even measures her up to a â€Å"wild carrot / taking the field by force . . .† (4-5). She has left her senseShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of A Mother Daughter1061 Words   |  5 Pagesher confrontation with grief as she realizes her daughter will one day replace her. The woman feels as though she is beginning her life’s decline just as her daughter begins her ascent into womanhood, inquiring, â€Å"†¦Why is it / just as we begin to go / they begin to arrive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (lines 4-6). Olds takes on the voice of this despondent woman in her poem â€Å"35/10,† using rich, honest language and metaphoric comparisons to communicate observations about the cycle of life and the pattern of replacement. In theRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums973 Words   |  4 PagesPotential for Equality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humans, just as flowers, cannot fully live without sunlight. They cannot develop without nourishment, and most of all they cannot flourish if not carefully tended to. Just as the Chrysanthemums fight to stay strong and meaningful in the short story, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, the main character, Emily, tries to do the same. Both the setting and overall mood of the characters, support the comparison of Emily to her Chrysanthemums. She is faced with manyRead MoreHow Have The Texts You Studied Explored Social Values?1243 Words   |  5 PagesShaw Pretty Woman – Garry Marshall (dir. 1990) The romantic comedy, Pretty Woman (1990), is a film directed by Garry Marshall and is an appropriation on the play Pygmalion, a satire written by George Bernard Shaw (1912). 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Hippolyta presents as a highly desirable woman, as she is desired by a Duke who sits atop the Athenian hierarchy. Hippolyta is also a ruler. She is a proud Amazonian Queen and warrior who once sat atop her own cultural hierarchy. While most Athenian women would respecta Duke’s status and authority

Three Major Jewish Rebellions - 744 Words

In 70 AD the second temple of Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans, hence solidifying the Roman rule over the Jewish Kingdom for the next 254 years. But first lets go back a couple of years and see how the Jewish people where living before the Roman ruled. In 198 BCE the Seleucids integrated the Jewish kingdom into theirs when the lands where divided. The Jews were pleasant at first, however later on the relationship between the hellenized Jews and the religious Jews fell apart. So the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes tried to prohibit certain Jewish religious rites and traditions. As a result this created a national rebellion led by Judas Maccabeus. These rebels became known as the Maccabees, or Hasmoneans. The Maccabean Revolt lasted from 174–135 BCE and the story of how the Maccabees purified the temple of Jerusalem when they took it back was the start of the Jewish holiday Hanukkah. For this part the story goes like this. Once the Maccabees had regained control of the kingdom they returned to the Temple in Jerusalem. To their dismay they had found that there temple had been defiled by being used for the worship of foreign gods and the sacrificing of pigs. The Jewish troops where going to burn ritual oil in the Temple’s menorah for eight days to cleanse the temple of the unholy acts that had happened in there. However they discovered that there was only one days worth of oil left but they lit the menorah anyways and to their surprise the small amount of oil lastedShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust Research Paper837 Words   |  3 PagesNazi Germany. In this paper, I write about a couple of the rebellions that some of the Jewish population in this time did to fight for what was right and trying to stop Nazi’s from brutally murdering them. Here, I tell these stories of heroes and heroism in the very evil Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler. The first rebellion I want to talk about happened on April 19, 1943. 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Pathophysiology of Asthma

Question: Discuss about thePathophysiology of Asthma. Answer: Introduction Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It involves airway inflammation, airflow obstruction and bronchial hyper responsiveness. It affects the patterns of breathing that is characterized by wheezing and coughing (Zone and Guide 2017). In this case study, Jessica White, a five year old girl is diagnosed with asthma. The past medical history showed mild eczema and asthma triggered by a viral infection after the common cold. This study shows the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms and pharmacology of asthma on Jessica. Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms, Pharmacology In this case, Jessica White, a five year old girl was diagnosed with asthma. She was at a high risk of having asthma as she was born premature at the thirty three weeks. She had high risk for wheezing during the first years of her life. Moreover, the past medical history reported eczema and viral infection during the winters and after the common cold. The diagnosis and management of asthma is difficult for the children below the age of five. The wheezing and coughing are the main primary symptoms in the children that might be manifested by other symptoms. The pathophysiology of asthma primarily consists of inflammation that plays a central role (Olin and Wechsler 2014). The airway inflammation of the various cell types and multiple mediators results in the manifestation of asthma like airflow limitation and bronchial inflammation. This results in recurrent coughs, wheezing and shortness of breath (Heijink, Nawijn and Hackett 2014). The cellular response and profile of the structural cells are quite consistent in asthma. Jessicas asthma can be linked to her premature birth. She was born premature at the thirty three weeks of the gestation period. According to Trnnes et al. (2013) the babies who are born before the thirty three weeks of gestation are likely to have asthma in their childhood as compared to full term babies. The preterm birth of Jessica is the main cause of her breathing problems as her lungs were immature. The asthma like symptoms occurs in the children under the age of there. The asthma like symptoms in Jessica occurred before the age of three that is associated with symptoms of asthma. The root cause of asthma is not clear yet it results from the respiratory infections. The asthma in children is different from the asthma in adults. They have smaller airways and small amounts of swellings caused due to the viral infections can make the airways tightened or blocking of the air flow due to increased mucus amount (Szefler et al. 2014). This results in difficulty in breathing for the young child. The viral respiratory infection is the triggering event for asthma in the young children. As they are not able to tell their parents, it results in trouble breathing. The immature lungs pose a way to the breathing problems in the premature babies. The airway tubes are swelled up and produce excess mucus (Harju et al. 2014). Gradually, the muscles surrounding the airways tightened up and the breathing tubes become narrowed. This makes the breathing rapid with a wheezing or whistling sound as the breath is forced through the airways that are narrow. Jessica continuously experienced shortness of breath and hear breath was noisy. Asthma affects 14% of the premature babies and has 50% of chances of developing asthma (Priante etal. 2016). Jessica also suffered from mild allergic skin infection like eczema that was triggered during the winters after she suffered from common cold. More than 60 % of the asthma in babies occurs due to allergy like eczema. When the airways are exposed to irritants that triggers an allergic response in the respiratory pathways causes them to spasm, swell and produces mucus in excess amount. This causes constriction of the airways resulting in wheezing making a high-pitched whistling sound when a person exhales. Likewise, in Jessica, the eczema might have caused the airways to swell making it difficult for her to breathe. This leads to inflammation and respiratory problems being the early sign of asthma in Jessica. The primary effects of asthma are the narrowing down of the breathing airways due to inflammation of the airways in the lungs. The airways are swollen in the asthmatic patients and there is difficulty in breathing. There is also constricting of the airways due to allergens that irritate the airways. This also causes excess of mucus production that triggers the symptoms of asthma. The bronchioles contract as the wall lining expands constricting the airway (Ionescu 2013). According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, asthma is characterized by wheezing, coughing, shortness and tightness in the chest (Kang et al. 2016). She had shortness of breath at night and a noisy sound while breathing. She also coughed during the night and the salbutamol puffer relieves her of the breathing problems and she went back to sleep. However, after that she had persistent coughs and shortness of breath and it did not improve even after the second dose of salbutamol puffer. After she was taken to the emergency department, a respiratory assessment was done and she was prescribed to take salbutamol and ipratropium with prednisolone dose. She was also given high flow of oxygen as her saturated oxygen levels were below 93%. Jessica showed the main symptoms of asthma with coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. She also had a history of common cold, viral infection and eczema which are some of the non-specific symptoms that triggered asthma. She coughed especially at night and a noisy or wheezing sound when breathing out. She also experienced fast or troubled breathing with tightness in her chest as the skin surrounding the neck or ribs are pulled tightly. She also had common cold during the winters that settled in her chest. After that when the symptoms recurred that gave a clue of asthma in Jessica. The high-pitched, whistling sound while exhaling that worsened during the night gave an indication of asthma in Jessica. Moreover, the certain events like the mild skin disorder that caused eczema worsened the asthma symptoms. The case study revealed that Jessica has family pets and she helped her grandmother with the pets. She has two long haired dogs and one short haired cat that might be a source of allergy that has triggered the asthma symptoms. The children below the age of five feel uncomfortable as they experience shortness of breath. Jessica also had short periods of wheezing and coughing between periods showing no symptoms. There were also events of frequent symptoms with worsened wheezing and coughing episodes where she was taken to the emergency department. Her breathing was so hard that her abdomen was sucked under the ribs and trouble while speaking because of the restricted breathing. Moreover, Jessicas mother Anne informed the emergency department consultant and the registered nurse that she often wakes up during the night if she is well. She also said that she even coughs at times when she plays in the playground. This also shows the symptoms of asthma that gets worsened during any physical activity and day-to-day activities (Depner et al. 2014). These symptoms manifested as a part of asthma in Jessica. She showed the major symptoms of asthma having coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and significant troubled breathing. She was diagnosed with moderately severe asthma by the emergency department consultant. Moreover, she leaned forward in a sitting position in order to breathe and there was no relief by the use of salbutamol puffer at home that triggered the asthma emergency. Salbutamol is a bronchodilator that helps in the widening of the airways. Its application opens the air passage so that air passes freely into the lungs. This helps to relieve the symptoms of asthma such as coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. It starts its action in few minutes and lasts between three to five hours. It also helps to relieve the breathlessness but do not prevent it from happening. Jessica was prescribed with salbutamol puffer that relieved her of the symptoms of asthma. When she had a wheezing attack, the passage in the airways gets narrowed making it difficult for her to breathe causing the asthma symptoms to occur. Salbutamol helps in the opening of these narrowed airways and relieved her of the attack. She uses it through an inhaler and spacer that goes through her airways and lungs. In the case study, Jessica was advised to use the salbutamol puffer via a spacer every two hours. Gradually, her respiratory status improved and she could enjoy eating along with her mother. At around eight oclock in the hospital, Jessica said that her breathing is normal and the spacing was increased between her salbutamol doses. She was also administered with a steroid, prednisolone that prevents the release of the inflammatory substances in the body. The breathing disorder and allergic disorders are treated by prednisolone that is used to prevent the asthma attacks in Jessica and control the asthmatic symptoms like wheezing (Page and Barnes 2013). After its administration orally, it is absorbed into the body that goes directly into the lungs and treat the asthma attacks. Moreover, it is also helpful for her to gain better control over asthma while at home or at school. The asthma plan with medical follow up is helpful for her to prevent the acute asthmatic attacks. The above case study of Jessica White shows the pathophysiology of asthma and significant signs and symptoms. She showed the asthmatic symptoms like coughing, wheezing ad shortness of breath. The use of salbutamol puffer relieved her of the asthmatic attacks followed by asthma action plan and medical follow up helped her and her mother to manage the periods of asthma. References Austen, K.F. and Lichtenstein, L.M. eds., 2013.Asthma: physiology, immunopharmacology, and treatment. Elsevier. Depner, M., Fuchs, O., Genuneit, J., Karvonen, A.M., Hyvrinen, A., Kaulek, V., Roduit, C., Weber, J., Schaub, B., Lauener, R. and Kabesch, M., 2014. Clinical and epidemiologic phenotypes of childhood asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,189(2), pp.129-138. Harju, M., Keski-Nisula, L., Georgiadis, L., Risnen, S., Gissler, M. and Heinonen, S., 2014. 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